FORMAÇÕES ECONÔMICAS DO BRASIL (CONTEMPORÂNEO): EM BUSCA DE UM PROJETO DE NAÇÃO

O presente artigo visa estudar algumas interpretações sobre a economia colonial brasileira e de que forma tais interpretações indicavam um projeto político econômico vinculado ao tempo presente de suas elaborações e ao futuro “desejado” pelos contemporâneos. Destacando o papel seminal do livro Formação Econômica do Brasil, de Celso Furtado, que foi publicado em 1959, o artigo percorre grande parte da historiografia produzida sobre o tema, buscando demonstrar como o esforço intelectual de entender o nosso passado se ligava a um projeto de sociedade e economia. Resgatando os diversos debates sobre a “natureza” da nossa economia colonial, o texto busca demonstrar como as diversas interpretações sobre essa economia, nos últimos 60 anos, traduzem a atual crise do modelo desenvolvimentista brasileiro e apontam para as tentativas de superação do mesmo, em um jogo dialético entre passado, presente e futuro

Sobre a Práxis da Gestão Cultural no Brasil: Experiências na Implantação dos Sistemas e Planos Municipais de Cultura

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as dinâmicas das políticas públicas para a cultura no Brasil, sobretudo a experiência do desenvolvimento de sistemas e planos municipais de cultura nas cidades brasileiras. Nosso foco se dá nas políticas culturais a partir de 2003, quando o governo federal passa a promover, de forma integrada nos estados e municípios, ações de impacto no setor cultural. Para nossa análise de caso, utilizamos a experiência de três estados brasileiros — Bahia, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro —, observando como seus municípios enfrentaram os processos de implantação dos seus sistemas municipais de cultura. Os processos observados nas cidades dos três estados demonstram que os desafios enfrentados são bastante similares e centrados primordialmente nas instâncias relacionais entre o poder público, em especial o executivo, embora uma parcela da responsabilidade pelos problemas também seja atribuída ao legislativo e à sociedade civil como um todo, englobando também os agentes culturais partícipes dos processos de implantação dos sistemas de cultura. As causas trafegam desde o despreparo para lidar com a temática da gestão cultural participativa até à ausência de interesse, mobilização e senso de pertencimento ao coletivo, estando presentes tanto na representação da sociedade civil como também na representação do poder público nas atuações dos conselhos municipais de políticas culturais

Evaluation of Insects that Exploit Temporary Protein Resources Emphasizing the Action of Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in a Neotropical Semi-deciduous Forest

The majority of the ants is opportunistic and generalist foragers, commonly feeding on vegetable secretions, seeds, and living or dead animal material. They may be present on any type of substrate even, occasionally on carcasses. This work, then, aimed to evaluate the action of insects, especially ants, in the exploitation of protein resources in forest environment. Monthly collections were made over a year and, in each collection, were made observations during 12 consecutive hours. To simulate exposure of protein resources we used three types of baits, sardines, beef liver and chicken. To evaluate the importance of ants on protein resources for each type of bait there was a control replica with physical barrier to prevent their access. The ants were observed on all baits throughout the collection period. In total, the baits were visited by 34 species of ants. The main genus of ants to visit the baits were: Pheidole, Crematogaster and Solenopsis. These results demonstrate that the presence of ants is important to ecological succession on temporary protein sources in forest environments interfering in the occurrence of other frequent groups in this type of resource, such as flies, for instance. The species that dominated the baits, when presents, were those that regardless of size and aggressiveness, presented mass recruitment and exploited the baits with large flow of individuals Although some species that exhibit certain characteristics can locate the baits faster and eventually dominate them at some point, depending on the ants species that co-occur, the results for the sequence of colonization can be modified

Demografia escrava e produção econômica na zona da Mata Mineira: 1831–1888

La zona de la Mata se convirtió, durante el siglo XIX, en la región más dinámica de la compleja economía de Minas Gerais. La expansión de la producción de café en toda la región consolidó una estructura social y agraria marcada por el predominio de grandes unidades productivas, con la abrumadora presencia de esclavos conectados con este sector. Este artículo intenta presentar esta expansión relacionando la importancia que tuvo la esclavitud dentro de la dinámica de las plantaciones con la composición de la riqueza del propietario e incluso en la construcción de una posible identidad para la región misma.The Zona da Mata became, during the nineteenth century, the most dynamic region in the complex economy of Minas Gerais. The expansion of coffee production throughout the region consolidated a social and agrarian structure marked by the predominance of great productive units, with the overwhelming presence of slaves connected with this sector. This paper tries to present this expansion relating the importance that slavery had inside the plantations dynamics with the composition of the landowner’s wealth and even in the building of a possible identity to the region itself.A Zona da Mata mineira constitui-se ao longo do dezenove na região mais dinâmica dentro da complexa economia das Minas Gerais. A expansão da cafeicultura pela região irá consolidar uma estrutura agrária e social marcada pelo predomínio da grande unidade produtiva com a expressiva presença de escravos ligados a este setor. O trabalho apresentado busca acompanhar esta expansão relacionando a importância que a escravidão teve na dinâmica das fazendas, na composição das fortunas e na própria construção de uma identidade possível para a região.peerReviewe

El Montepio General de Economía de los Servidores del Estado y el Imperio Brasileño (1835/1883)

The article approaches the subject of the evolution of the General Economic Montepio of the State Servers since its creation, in 1835, until its first great crisis, in 1883, when the State intervened to maintain its operation. In this trajectory, we intend to discuss some characteristics of the associativism models in the Brazilian society and the role played by the State in this process, both in relation to the montepio, that is the main object of this article, as well as the others institutions of the same associative nature.El artículo aborda la evolución del Montepío General de Economía de los Servidores del Estado desde su creación, en 1835, hasta su primera gran crisis, en 1883, cuando el Estado intervino para mantener su funcionamiento. En esta trayectoria, vamos a discutir algunas características de los modelos de asociativismo de la sociedad brasileña y el papel ejercido por el Estado en ese proceso, tanto en relación al montepío que es objeto principal de ese artículo, cuanto a otras instituciones de la misma naturaleza asociativa

From great moderation to great recession: some considerations about the construction and revision of the new consensus macroeconomics after the 2007-2008 crisis

The last four decades of economic thought have been marked by the rise, hegemony and revision of economic liberalism epitomized by the New Consensus Macroeconomics. The consolidation of a "new neoclassical synthesis" in the early 1990s resulted in the implementation of inflation targeting regime in several countries, in the defense of great moderation in the early 2000s and the occurrence of the financial crisis from 2007. However, the review of the New Macroeconomic Consensus, still ongoing and with many disagreements comes relativizing the impact of the crisis and proposing adjustments to economic policies despite of reaffirming the orthodoxy theoretical foundations

Gamma knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas: evaluation of planning using the sphericity degree of the target volume

This study explores the possibility of a relationship between the sphericity degree of a target volume with the dose distribution. This relationship is evaluated based on the ratio isodose volume / target volume (IV/TV) and the metrics coverage, i.e., selectivity, gradient index, conformity index and mean dose when planning radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma. Methods: Sphericity degree (φ) was calculated for each target volume (TV) of 64 patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for vestibular schwannoma. The calculation of this parameter was developed using the theoretical definition for operational sphericity φ = VP/VCS. The values found are evaluated considering the following metrics:-Coverage (C), selectivity (S), gradient index (GI), Paddick conformity index (CIPaddick) and dose distribution (IV/TV). The planning was also carried out considering a spherical target volume defined in a spherical phantom. The spherical volume is the same as the target used in the treatment plan. The planning of the spherical target was considered as a reference plan to evaluate the dose distribution inside and outside the volume. Results: It was possible to observe that the majority of target volumes has (.) around 0,66.0,77, corresponding to 54,7% of the total. Considering the mean values for metrics, the results are: C = 0,98, S = 0,78, GI = 3,11 and CI = 0,81. The dose distribution was equivalent for treatment plans and reference plans. Quantitative analysis for IV/TV shows that these values are higher than 30% for treatment plans where shot density is large. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that de sphericity degree (φ) can be related to the dose distribution (IV/TV). Therefore the sphericity degree is a good parameter to evaluate the dose distribution of a plan for vestibular schwannoma treatment, considering the reference plan as being a spherical target using a leksell gamma knife® perfexion (LGKP). This study shows that the sphericity degree offers important information of the dose distribution outside and inside the target volume. This is not evaluated by the other parameters already implemented as metric to analyzing the GKP plans15